The application of the RNA-baits principle turned out to be user-friendly, and even non-experts (without sophisticated bioinformatics skills) can easily use the VirBait workflow. Rodent specific viruses differed in their replication potential: Murine gammaherpesvirus-68 replicated in the four tested vole cell lines, whereas murine norovirus failed to infect almost all cell lines. mosquitoes and birds, with human infection and disease resulting from enzootic spillover. Between 2014 and 2016, 655,667 unfed and 3842 engorged mosquito females were collected from four sampling sites. The low virus prevalence in combination with WNV-specific antibodies indicate continuous, but low activity of WNV in the Danube Delta during the study period.Introduction: West Nile virus (WNV) is a mosquito-borne human and animal pathogen with nearly world-wide distribution. Our data provide evidence of USUV endemization in southern Belgium in local birds and bats, extension of the host range of the virus and ongoing virus introduction from abroad, likely by migratory birds. For the British Isles, an island group on the north-western coast of continental Europe consisting of the United Kingdom (UK) and the Republic of Ireland, physical separation offers a barrier to the introduction of many of the pathogens that affect animals on the rest of the continent. However, continued surveillance of mosquitoes for Flaviviruses would be valuable as an early warning for public health awareness.Wildlife surveillance allowed the monitoring of the zoonotic mosquito-borne Usutu virus (USUV) in birds and bats (Pipistrellus pipistrellus) in southern Belgium in 2017 and 2018. Extraordinary high temperatures in 2018 presumably led to decreased averaged extrinsic incubation period values for WNV in mosquitoes, leading to rapid virus amplification and greater transmission risk for vertebrates in Germany.
Bridge vector species, such as members of the Culex pipiens complex and Aedes spp., also widely distributed in Germany, might transmit WNV to other vertebrate host species.
In 2018, WNV broke out for the first time in Germany. 10.4269/ajtmh.2011.11-0248.A Versatile Sample Processing Workflow for Metagenomic Pathogen DetectionWylezich, C., Papa, A., Beer, M., Hoper, D., 2018. Generic HTS combining with in-solution capture enrichment can markedly increase the sensitivity for virus detection in complex diagnostic samples. In the present review, the role of climate changes in the spread of infectious agents and their vectors is discussed. To identify vectors and characterize the virus, mosquitoes were collected in both years in zoological gardens and on a horse meadow immediately following the diagnosis of disease cases in birds and horses. During the last few years a number of zoonotic arboviruses that are pathogenic for humans have been isolated from mosquitoes in Germany including Usutu, Sindbis and Batai viruses. Our study demonstrates that WSLV efficiently crosses the maternal–foetal interface and is highly neuroinvasive in the ovine foetus.West Nile virus (WNV) is a widespread zoonotic arbovirus and a threat to public health in Germany since its first emergence in 2018. Moreover, organ samples from bird carcasses submitted in 2017 were investigated. (14.02.2013)
In addition, the establishment of midge-borne bluetongue virus in the near continent has increased the risk of wind-borne introduction of infected midges and the inadvertent importation of infected cattle. pipiens pipiens from Northern Germany may be involved in the transmission of WNV, also to dead‐end hosts like humans and horses.The continuous circulation of West Nile virus (WNV) in Central, South and East Europe and its recent detection in several dead birds and two horses in Germany highlights the need for information on WNV vector competence of mosquitoes from Central Europe. Further, one USUV strain detected in a common chaffinch (Fringilla coelebs) manifested a close genetic relationship with the European 1 strains circulating in Hungary and Austria. Translation for 'mosquitoes' in the free English-German dictionary and many other German translations.
selected West Nile viral mutation confers increased virogenesis in American crows.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissiblesGroschup, M.H., Reusken, C., Schmidt-Chanasit, J., 2017.
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