The Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC) is the largest French research unit involving the Institut National de Santé et de Recherche Médicale (Inserm), the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) and the University of Strasbourg. Also, CiM-scientists develop new imaging strategies. “Totipotency is a much more flexible state than the pluripotent state and its potential applications are extraordinary”, says Maria-Elena Torres-Padilla, who led the study.
Ethical issues, teratoma formation. Ethical issues. A 2C-like cell (green) is different from an embryonic stem cell (magenta) Multipotent cells have been found in MSCs may prove to be a valuable source for stem cells from molars at 8–10 years of age, before adult dental calcification. © IGBMC / Maria-Elena Torres-Padilla iPSCs could potentially have the same therapeutic implications and applications as ESCs but without the controversial use of embryos in the process, a topic of great bioethical debate. Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine
The work results as a collaboration between the two laboratories in the framework of the RISE1 programme of the EpiGeneSys EU Network of Excellence.These results provide new elements for the understanding of pluripotency and could increase the efficiency of reprogramming somatic cells to be used for applications in regenerative medicine.
In another case, human umbilical cord blood stem cells were converted into human neurons.Multipotent cells are found in many, but not all human cell types. Totipotent cells can form all the cell types in a body, plus the extraembryonic, or placental, cells. They investigate the importance of cell dynamics for their development and homeostasis, but also for disorders of the vascular and of the nervous system. Based on this hypothesis, the Torres-Padilla team were able to induce a totipotent state by inactivating the expression of the CAF1 complex, which led to chromatin reprogramming into a less condensed state.In order to carefully examine at a molecular level the similarities between 2-cell stage embryos, 2C-like cells and those induced by inactivating the CAF1 complex, the Torres-Padilla team then joined forces with the Vaquerizas laboratory to analyse, in a genome-wide fashion, the gene expression programmes of these cells. Mitalipov S(1), Wolf D. © MPI Münster / J. Müller-Keuker In addition to its four scientific departments, the IGBMC has developed advanced scientific services and technological platforms for internal use, but also open to the wider scientific community. © IGBMC / Maria-Elena Torres-Padilla “Totipotency is a much more flexible state than the pluripotent state and its potential applications are extraordinary”, says Maria-Elena Torres-Padilla, who led the study.When culturing pluripotent stem cells in vitro, a small amount of totipotent cells appear spontaneously; these are called “2C-like cells” (named after their resemblance to the 2-cell stage embryo). A closer look revealed that CAF1 -already known for its role in the assembly of chromatin (the organised state of DNA)- is responsible for maintaining the pluripotent state by ensuring that the DNA is wrapped around histones.
Looking for the keys of totipotency The 50 research teams working in the Institute conduct research on various topics, ranging from structural analysis of proteins to human genetics, stem cells, biophysics and epigenetics. It is possible for a fully differentiated cell to return to a state of totipotency.The human development model is one which can be used to describe how totipotent cells arise.Induced pluripotent stem cells, commonly abbreviated as iPS cells or iPSCs, are a type of pluripotent Due to their great similarity to ESCs, iPSCs have been of great interest to the medical and research community. In fact, the induced Additionally, it has been determined that the somatic expression of combined Some of the possible medical and therapeutic uses for iPSCs derived from patients include their use in cell and tissue transplants without the risk of rejection that is commonly encountered. In particular, the teams found that the DNA was less condensed in totipotent cells and that the amount of the protein complex CAF1 was diminished. A 2C-like cell (green) is different from an embryonic stem cell (magenta) The more cell types a cell can differentiate into, the greater its potency. iPSCs can potentially replace animal models unsuitable as well as Another major difference that was observed, with respect to cell potency, is that post-implantation epiblast stem cells are unable to contribute to blastocyst New research related to multipotent cells suggests that multipotent cells may be capable of conversion into unrelated cell types. Now, the team of Maria-Elena Torres-Padilla has studied the characteristics of totipotent cells of the embryo and found factors capable of inducing a totipotent-like state. The researchers compared these cells to those present in early embryos in order to find their common characteristics and those that make them different from pluripotent cells. Early embryonic-like cells are induced by down-regulating replication-dependent chromatin assembly The scientists found that the induced, CAF1-depleted, totipotent cells overexpressed a significant amount of 2-cell stage embryo genes. © MPI Münster / J. Müller-Keuker
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