-- An effeminate man can be described as having ‘a woman’s voice’ (niang niang qiang). Most of the sources for diachronic Wu study lie in the folk literature of the region.

There are still a number of primary documents available, but they do not always give a clear sense of the dialects' historical pronunciation. The term "Shanghainese" in English sometimes refers to all Wu Chinese dialects. Saying one speaks Wu is akin to saying one speaks a Romance language. They do often offer insight into lexical differences.

Wu speakers represented about 8% of the total Chinese population by 1984. It is not uncommon to encounter children who grew up with a regional variant of Mandarin as their parent tongue with little or no fluency in a Wu variety at all.Jianghuai Mandarin has replaced Wu as the language of multiple counties in Jiangsu. Many of those colloquialisms are cognates of other words found in other modern southern Chinese dialects, such as Mandarin equivalents and their pronunciation on Wu Chinese are in parentheses. An example of this is Zaicheng Town in Wu Chinese was once historically dominant north of the Yangtze River and most of what is now Anhui province during the Sui dynasty.

Taihu Wu (吳語太湖片) or Northern Wu (北部吳語) is a Wu Chinese language spoken over much of southern part of Jiangsu province, including Suzhou, Wuxi, Changzhou, the southern part of Nantong, Jingjiang and Danyang; the municipality of Shanghai; and the northern part of Zhejiang province, including Hangzhou, Shaoxing, Ningbo, Huzhou, and Jiaxing. -- In Shanghai dialect, you never ‘wash’ your face, hair or anything else, instead you ‘beat’ (da) them. Mikael Parkvall, "Världens 100 största språk 2007" (The World's 100 Largest Languages in 2007), in -- The Mandarin expression ‘bu san bu si’ (‘neither three nor four’, meaning ‘dubious’) becomes ‘bu er bu san’ (‘neither two nor three’) in Shanghai dialect. Although the bulk of vocabulary is the same, there is also considerable variation in words and phrases.As people have become more appreciative of its unique value – and perhaps more sensitive to conservation issues generally – Shanghai dialect has undergone something of a revival. After the Wu Hu uprising and the Disaster of Yongjia in 311, the Jin Emperor and many northern Chinese fled south, establishing the new capital Jiankang in what is modern-day Nanjing. The cultural and linguistic diversity within China is also a significant concerning of this forum. During the early Qing period, Wu speakers represented about 20% of the whole Chinese population. All IPA transcriptions and examplesAccording to Jean Duval, author of "The Nine-Tailed Turtle: Pornography or 'fiction of exposure," at the time Snow wrote that Wu literature "achieved a certain degree of prominence" by 1910.Snow argued that the primary reason was the increase of prestige and importance in Baihua, and that one other contributing reason was changing market factors since Shanghai's publishing industry, which grew, served all of China and not just Shanghai.A BBS set up in 2004, in which topics such as phonology, grammar, orthography and romanization of Wu Chinese are widely talked about. called Northern Wu dialect. Hui Chinese – Spoken in the southern parts of Anhui.

According to records of the Eastern Jin, the earliest known dialect of Nanjing was an ancient Wu dialect. These words however are few and far between, and Wu on the whole is most strongly influenced by Tang Chinese rather than any other linguistic influence. Shanghainese is a proper representative dialect of Northern Wu and in English "Shanghainese" sometimes refers to all Wu dialects. Its original classification, along with the other Sinitic varieties, was established in 1937 by The sole basis of Li's classification was the evolution of Dialectologists traditionally establish linguistic boundaries based on several overlapping Wu is divided into two major groups: Northern Wu and Southern Wu, which are only partially mutually intelligible. The longyou dialect discussed in this paper belongs to the last subgroup: Chu-Qu area. Shanghainese, also known as the Shanghai or Hu dialect, is a form of Wu dialect spoken in the central districts of Shanghai and in the surrounding region. In Wu Chinese, there are colloquialisms that are traced back to ancestral Chinese varieties, such as Middle or Old Chinese. Wu dialect is taken as one of the major dialect groups of Chinese, spoken in the south of the Yangtze River, part of Jiangsu Province, Shanghai and Zhejiang, as well as in some areas of Jiangxi, Fujian and Anhui. -- To be ‘lin bu qing’ in Shanghai dialect is to be clueless and stubborn. These works also possess a number of characters uniquely formed to express features not found in the classical language and used some common characters as phonetic loans (see Wu-speaking writers who wrote in vernacular Mandarin often left traces of their native varieties in their works, as can be found in Another source from this period is from the work of the missionary Works in this period also saw an explosion of new vocabulary in Wu dialects to describe their changing world. With nearly 14 million speakers, Shanghainese is also the largest single coherent form of Wu Chinese. The term "Shanghainese" in English sometimes refers to all Wu Chinese dialects.

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