Salinimonas sediminis N102 T is a cold-adapted, slightly halophilic piezophile isolated from deep-sea sediment (4700 m) of the New Britain Trench. This website includes study notes, research papers, essays, articles and other allied information submitted by visitors like YOU. Macrurus filicanda exhibits a black belly and silvery top; which is exception to the standard coloration. Deep Sea Adaptations. In response to physical conditions of deep sea, modifications have occurred in such fauna. Correlated with soft substratum, many of the deep-sea animals have long appendages, abundant spines, stalks or other means of support, as illustrated by tripod fish, lampshells and crinoids. Body is compressed either laterally or dorsoventrally, giving the body a ribbon like shape. There are various ways of carrying the young’s among deep-sea fauna. In some deep-sea fishes the retina is composed of a number of tiers of rods, presumably arranged to absorb all the limited light that enters the eye (Nicol, 1989). The amount of detritus coming into deeper waters depends on seasonal production cycles at the surface. In some other deep-sea fishes, eyes are very small as they are of little apparent use, and still others are without eyes.Many deep-sea animals produce their own light by means of luminous organs, e.g., lantern fish. Another interesting adaptation of deep-sea fish is the enormous mouth enabling them to swallow prey larger km themselves (e.g., the gulper, Eurypharynx, whale fish, Cetomimus).All benthic fishes lack pnm bladders and rest on the bottom, sometimes like tripod fishes (Bathypterois spp.) Similarly, silvery belly helps the animal to escape from the eyes of underwater preys. Our mission is to provide an online platform to help students to share notes in Biology. So there is endless darkness in deep-sea. Uncared eggs in water results in predation, which forces some of the deep-sea animals to become viviparous. Answer: There are several ways deep-ocean animals survive in such an environment. Many deep-sea fishes live on decaying oozes and they generally loose their powers of mastication. Before sharing your knowledge on this site, please read the following pages: Totally un-calcified skeleton is found in Chimaera. Due to extreme pressure the bodies i deep-sea fish and other animals are very much compressed. While you may not think about it, the deep sea has its own ecosystem with different plants and animals. For most deep … Oxygen content is comparatively low (3.29 – 5.9 c.c/litre of water), because there are no producers, which generally contribute oxygen during day-time. First off, the deep ocean is dark because sunlight can’t penetrate very far into the water.
Luminescent bodies may be round or elliptical in shape, shining mother of pearl coloured body, embedded in the skin at the side of the body and tail. They have no eyes but two large luminescent organs are present on the head. Most of the bottom-dwelling creatures lack any pigmentation, since coloration is not useful in an environment with no light. The floor of the sea is usually carpeted with mass of land material and organic materials. They also produce oxygen. Oozes constitute the sole food supply to the depth, i.e., dead orga­nisms of upper level, when die, come down to the deep sea and provide food for the deep-sea organisms. Long feelers and slender attenuations of the fins act as a tactile organ. Care for young is very common. In this animal pelvic fins and scales are absent, colour is black, the fin rays are tipped with luminous organs to attract the pray.

Organic materials are either excretory and secretory products or carcasses of the upper inhabitants. Others have either telescopic eyes or bear eyes like concave mirrors. It is due to inability to accumulate calcium within the tissues in absence of sunlight. Even without gas-filled swim bladders, they are near neutral buoyancy. Below 3000 ft. the tempe­rature in about 37° F or less. Generally below 1200 ft. light does not penetrate. The light producing func­tion or luminescence is a common, phe­nomenon in almost all deep-sea fauna. on stiff elongate fin rays (Fig 2.4). Deep-sea fishes are slender and delicate. In case of dorsoventrally com­pressed body, both eyes comes to lie side by side. Many animals make their own light, called bioluminescence, to communicate, find mates, scare predators, or attract prey. Some are even viviparous and produce young ones in large number. Convergent type of evolu­tion is only evident due to specific ecologi­cal condition. Deep sea is characterized by a set of environmental conditions, which in turn determine the adaptations of deep-sea forms.Of all the oceanic zones, light penetrates only into the euphotic zone; the remaining zones are aphotic or devoid of light (bathyal, abyssal and hadal zones).The term hadal zone is used to designate the perpetually cold and dark supreme depths of the ocean.It is characterized by high pressure, low temperature, absence of light, calmness of water, absence of phytoplankton and other producers, scarcity of food and resulting competition and soft bottom.Apart from containing bacteria and perhaps fungi, the community of aphotic zones is characteristically animal.

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