https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Roi_Louis_XII_de_France.png Louis XII of France was born as Louis d'Orléans on June 27, 1462, at the Royal Château de Blois in France, to Charles, Duke of Orléans and his third wife, Marie of Cleves.He became the Duke of Orléans in 1465. The French View of Charles XII: The King, the Soldier, the Man (Eric Schnakenbourg, France) ‘The Mad Swede’: The Habsburg Monarchy and Charles XII (Michael Hochedlinger, Austria) Charles XII at the Centre of Swedish-Ottoman Diplomacy (Bülent Ari and Alptuğ Güney, Turkey) Warmonger or Benefactor? 2nd edition. In 1485, he participated in the Mad War against Anne, sister of King Charles VIII and daughter of Louis XI who had died in 1483 when Charles was a teen.On 28 July 1488, Louis confronted Anne and her troops at the Battle of Saint-Aubin-du-Cormier. Louis married Anne to sustain this union.With Anne, the king had four stillborn sons and two surviving daughters, namely Renée of France and Claude of France.After Anne's death, he married a sister of Henry VIII of England, Mary Tudor, in October 1514. The same was repeated at Annone. In it, those executive and legislative bodies told the absentee King that unless he quickly returned to Sweden, they would independently conclude an achievable peace treaty with Russia, Poland and Denmark. Before becoming the king, he was known as Louis of Orléans. He battled against the French army at the Mad War as a young man and was later captured by Charles VIII who incorporated him in his army. He is credited with having invented an Swedish author Frans G. Bengtsson and Professor Ragnhild Hatton have written biographies of Charles XII of Sweden. His entourage also accumulated huge amounts of debts with Bender merchants. Charles IV (18/19 June 1294 – 1 February 1328), called the Fair (le Bel) in France and the Bald (el Calvo) in Navarre, was last king of the direct line of the House of Capet, King of France and King of Navarre (as Charles I) from 1322 to 1328.Charles was the third son of Philip IV; like his father, he was known as "the fair" or "the handsome". A series of battles occurred over the years that later became known as the "Italian Wars".After becoming the king in 1498, Louis continued fighting for Milan under his own campaign called the "Great Italian War" that took place from 1499 to 1504.A year before gaining the title of the king, he had signed a peace agreement with the Holy Roman Empire’s Emperor Maximillian I. Charles XI (d. 1944) was installed as King of France by the Action Francaise party in 1931, after the Party seized control of the country. Charles was an exceptionally skilled military leader and tactician as well as an able politician, credited with introducing important tax and legal reforms. The battle was eventually won by the French army.Louis XII of France married thrice. In this volume, 20 scholars from 12 different countries contribute to creating a broader perspective on Charles XII and the Great Northern War in European history. Louis eventually succeeded Charles VIII who left no closer heir after his death in 1498. ), was the King of Sweden from 1697 to 1718. He also fathered an illegitimate son. In 1476, Louis was forced to marry Joan, the supposedly sterile daughter of his second cousin King Louis XI. Under his reign, the governance in the country saw much improvement. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Louis_XII_de_France.jpg Carl XII (1682-1718), in Swedish Karl XII and in English alternately referred to as Charles, was King of Sweden 1697-1718. According to the prevailing church law in Sweden at that time, all who lived in the country, but were not members of the Swedish state church, would be baptized. Louis XII of France was the king of France who ruled from 1498 to 1515.

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