also known as a destructive plate boundary, usually involves an oceanic plate and a continental plate.

At convergent boundaries that involve two continental plates, the plate tectonics is a bit more complex than in the other two types of convergent boundaries. As the plates converge, the denser, thinner tectonic plate subducts or dives beneath the lighter, thicker, more buoyant tectonic plate.As shown below, the plates are made of rigid lithosphere consisting of the Earth’s crust and the uppermost mantle. To learn more, review the corresponding lesson titled Plate Boundaries: Convergent, Divergent, and Transform Boundaries. These types of rocks are unique to the high pressure, low temperature conditions associated with convergent plate boundaries.Together, compression, faulting and folding results in the exhumation of rocks and exposes them to higher elevations, colder temperatures and greater rates of precipitation. Typically, the older oceanic plate will subduct beneath the younger one because it is colder and denser.Since both plates are made of basalt, magma generated at these types of convergent boundaries is almost purely basaltic. These plates float on top of the viscous asthenosphere, the upper layer of Where plates meet, they form a variety of different boundaries depending on the direction of their motion. Subduction initiates as oceanic lithosphere slides beneath continental crust. Sediments being eroded off the building mountains were deposited in an oceanic trench currently known as the central valley.From the release of water in the subducting slab which lowers the melting temperature in the overlying mantle

Since two continental plates are colliding, subduction becomes questionable as the difference in density between the plates is usually quite low. Convergent plate boundaries. Some lithospheric plates consist of both continental and oceanic crust. Because basaltic magma is mafic and typically hotter and less viscous than the more felsic magma produced at ocean-continent convergent boundaries, it usually makes its way to the surface in its liquid form creating volcanoes, lava and extrusive igneous rocks.At continent-continent collision zones, both sides of the convergent boundary are made of thick, buoyant continental crust. Large bodies of frozen magma chambers that make their way to the surface are called plutons. This process is also known as ridge-push slab-pull.Convergent plate boundaries generate the largest earthquakes on the planet and some of the biggest geologic features including mountain ranges, volcanoes, oceanic trenches and island arcs.Other types of plate boundaries include transform boundaries where the plates slide past each other horizontally, and oblique plate boundaries where there is both a component of transform and convergent or divergent plate motion.As mentioned above, the Earth’s tectonic plates are made of lithosphere, which consists of the uppermost mantle and the Earth’s crust. Because the Earth’s tectonic plates fit together like a puzzle, as shown in the map below, this pushing apart motion and creation of new crust at divergent plate boundaries forces plates to collide and be destroyed or subducted at convergent plate boundaries. The oldest oceanic plates are also the coldest, as they have moved away from heat sources such as Continental-continental convergent boundaries pit large slabs of crust against each other. • Convergent plate boundaries are often the sites of earthquakes, volcanoes, and other significant geological activity. Since the subducting continental plate has a relatively low density, it doesn’t reach as great depths, pressures or temperatures as subducting oceanic plates do. Convergent boundaries occur where the Earth’s tectonic plates collide or move toward one another. Convergent boundaries -- where crust is destroyed as one plate dives under another. Because of the low density of the subducting continental plate, it often ends up “underplating” or sliding horizontally beneath the overlying plate for great distances before eventually subducting into the mantle. There are four types of plate boundaries: Divergent boundaries -- where new crust is generated as the plates pull away from each other. They are constantly being pulled into the mantle, where they are melted and recycled into new magma. The Himalayas are home to the highest (>29,000 ft), steepest, most rugged mountains on Earth and contain more glaciers than any other mountain range on the planet.The “ring of fire” gets its name from the numerous volcanoes that line the edge of the Pacific Ocean as the oceanic Pacific plate subducts beneath South America, North America, Alaska, Russia, Japan and New Zealand.Though no longer an active subduction zone, the Sierra Nevada of California was home to one over 100 million years ago.

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